A review on Tinospora cordifolia: as an Immunomodulating agent
Abstract
Guduchi is a plant also known as Tinospora cordifolia, having heart shaped leave, an herb of the family Menispermaceae native of hot areas of the Indian subcontinent. In our classical Ayurvedic texts, it is indicated to be beneficial in treating various types of diseases like skin disorders, different types of fever, jaundice & gout. Guduchi also claimed to have various properties as an anti-oxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, osteoprotective, radioprotective, anti-anxiety, adaptogenic agent, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, athrombolytic agent, anti-diarrheal, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial and anti-cancer agent. Several experimental and clinical studies based on available reports, present paper is an attempt to assemble the information on immunomodulating property of Tinospora cordifolia
Keywords:
Tinospora cordifolia, Guduchi, plant extract, immunomodulator
References
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2. Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Diet and lifestyle guidelines for diabetes: Evidence based ayurvedic perspective. Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2014; 1;21(4):335-46.
3. Sharma R, Kumar V, Ashok BK, Galib R, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Evaluation of hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Guduchi Ghana in Swiss albino mice. Int J Green Pharm. 2013;7:145-8.
4. Sharma R, Kumar V, Ashok BK, Galib R, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Hypoglycemic and anti hyperglycemic activity of Guduchi Satva in experimental animals. AYU. 2014. 4; 217-20.
5. Sharma R, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B, Prajapati PK. The effect of two different dosage forms of Guduchi i.e. Satva and Ghana WSR antihyperglycemic effect on madhumeha (NIDDM) [dissertation], Gujarat Ayurved University, IPGT and RA, Jamnagar. 2012;132-133.
6. Gupta R, et al. Global Research on Tinospora cordifolia (Medicinal Plant) with Special Reference to India: A Scientometric Assessment Publications Output during 2001-2016. Int J Pharmacogn Chinese Med. 2018; 2(4): 000141.
7. Dhama K, Sachan S, Khandia R, Munjal A, Iqbal HMN, Latheef SK, Karthik K, Samad HA, Tiwari R, Dadar M. Medicinal and Beneficial Health Applications of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi): A Miraculous Herb Countering Various Diseases/Disorders and its Immunomodulatory Effects. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov. 2017; 10(2):96-111.
doi: 10.2174/18722148116661703011051 01.
8. Aher VD, Wahi AK. Pharmacological Study of Tinospora Cordifolia as an Immunomodulator. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2010; 2(4):52-4.
9. Sharma R, Amin H. Rasayana Therapy: Ayurvedic contribution to improve quality of life. World J. Pharmacol. Res. Tech. 2015;4:23-33.
10. Sharma R, Hazra J, Prajapati PK. Nanophytomedicines: A Novel Approach to Improve Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics of Herbal Medicine. Bio Bull. 2017;3(1):132-5.
11. Prajapati R, Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Physico-chemical evaluation of guduchyadi kwatha for instant use: An ayurvedic herbal formulation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2014: 2599-613.
12. Sharma R, Galib R, Prajapati PK. Antimicrobial evaluation of Svarasa Bhavita Guduchi Churna (levigated powder of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers with its juice). Ayurscientifica 2017;1(1):25-30.
13. Sharma R, Amin H, Galib, Prajapati PK. Validation of standard manufacturing procedure of Guduci sattva (aqueous extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) and its tablets. Anc Sci Life 2013;33:27-34.
14. Sharma R, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Herbal and Holistic solutions for Neurodegenerative and Depressive disorders: Leads from Ayurveda. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2018; 27(3): 2597–2608.
15. Sharma R, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Traditional Ayurvedic and herbal remedies for Alzheimer's disease from bench to bedside. Expert Rev. Neurother. 2019; 19: 359–374.
16. Sharma R, Martins N. Telomeres, DNA damage and ageing: potential leads from Ayurvedic Rasayana (anti-ageing) drugs. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2544.
17. Sharma R, Galib R, Prajapati PK. Validation of standard manufacturing procedure of Guduchi Ghana [dried aqueous extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Willd.) Miers] and its tablets. Ayurpharm Int J Ayurveda Allied Sci. 2013;2:224–32.
18. Kapil A., Sharma S. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1997; 58:89-95.
19. Gupta MS, Sharma GD, Chakraborty B. Effect of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia on functions of peritoneal macrophages isolated from CCl4 intoxicated male albino mice. BMC Complementary & Alternate Medicine. 2011; 119102.
20. Upadhyaya R, PR, Sharma V, Anita KV. Assessment of the multifaceted immune-modulatory potential of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia. Res J Chem Sci.2011;1:71-9.
21. Sudhakaran DS, Srirekha P, Devasree LD, Premsingh S, Michael RD. Immunostimulatory effect of Tinospora cordifolia Miers leaf extract in Oreochromis mossambicus. Indian J Exp Biol. 2006; 44:726-32.
22. More P, Pai K. In vitro NADH-oxidase, NADPH-oxidase and myeloperoxidase activity of macrophages after Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) treatment. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012; 34:368-72.
23. Raghu R, Sharma D, Ramakrishnan R, Khanam S, Chintalwar GJ, Sainis KB. Molecular events in the activation of B cells and macrophages by a non-microbial TLR4 agonist, G1-4A from Tinospora cordifolia. Immunol Lett.2009;123:60-71.
24. Sharma U, Bala M, Kumar N, Singh B, Munshi RK, Bhalerao S. Immunomodulatory active compounds from Tinospora cordifolia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 141:918-26.
25. Wazir V, Maurya R, Kapil R S. Cordioside, a clerodane furano diterpene glucoside from Tinospora cordifolia. Phytochemistry.1995; 38(2):447-449.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00601-O.
26. Ram J., Kapil, A., Guru, P.Y., 1990. Antileishmanial and immunoadjuvant activities of rationally designed thiopyrim-idines. Indian J. Chem. 29: 1129-1133.
27. Beatty J.D, Beatty, B.G, Vlahos, W.G. Measurement of monoclonal antibody affinity by non-competitive enzyme immunoassay. J. Immunol. Methods 100. 1987: 173-179.
28. Czuprynski CJ, Henson PM, Campbell PA: Killing of Listeria monocytogenes by inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes from immune and non immune mice. J Leuk Biol. 1984; 35:193-208.
29. Lehmann AK, Sornes S, Halstensen A. Phagocytosis: measurement by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2000; 243:229-42.
30. Lehmann AK, Sornes S, Halstensen A. Phagocytosis: measurement by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2000; 243:229-42.
31. Rege N, Bapat RD, Koti R, Desai NK, Dahanukar S.Immunotherapy with Tinospora cordifolia: a new lead in the management of obstructive jaundice. Indian J Gastroenterol.1993;12:5-8.
32. Panchabhai T.S, Kulkarni U.P, Rege N.N. Validation of therapeutic claims of Tinospora cordifolia: a review. Phytotherapy Research. 2008; 22:425-441.
33. Dahanukar S.A., Thatte, U.M., Rege, N.N. Immunostimulants in Ayurveda medicine. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants. Switzerland: Berkhauser Verlag, Basel. 1999.p. 289-323.
34. Rege N.N., Thatte, U.M., Dahanukar, S.A. Adaptogenic properties of six Rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytotherapy Research. 1999; 13:275-291.
35. Galloway T S, Depledge M H, Immunotoxicity in invertebrates: measurement and ecotoxicological relevance National Library of Medicine. 2001 Feb; 10(1):5-23.
36. Patwardhan B., Kalbag, D., Patki, P.S., Nagsampagi, B.A. Search of immunomodulatory agents. Indian Drugs. 1990; 28:56-63.
37. Rao S.K., Rao, S.P., Rao, N.B. Preliminary investigation of the radio sensitizing activity of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in tumor bearing mice. Phototherapy Research.1990; 22:1482-1489.
38. Nayampalli S.S, Desai, N.K, Ainapure, S.S. Antiallergic properties of Tinospora cardifolia in animal models. Indian Journal of Pharmacy. 1986; 18:250.
39. Wadood N, Wadood, A, Shah, S.A. Effect of Tinospora cordifolia on blood glucose and total lipid levels of normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Planta Medica. 1992; 58:31-136.
40. Bhupindu S., Sharma, M.L., Gupta, O.P., Atal, C.K. Antihepatotoxic activity of Tinospora cordifolia Miers. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 1981;1:96.
41. Rege N.N, Dahanukar, S.A. Karandikar, S.M. Hepatoprotective effects of Tinospora cordifolia against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage. Indian Drugs. 1984; 21:544-555.
42. Kumar A., Shrivastav, S. A study of antipyretic effect of Guduchi. Sachitra Ayurved. 1995; 48:289-291.
43. Wagner H, Jurcic K. Assays for immunomodulation and effects on mediators of inflammation. In: Dey, P.M., Harborne, J.B. (Eds.), Methods in Plant Biochemistry. London: Academic Press. 1991.p. 195-217.
44. Meena A.K, Singh A, Panda P, Mishra S, Rao M.M. Tinospora cordifolia: Its bioactivities & evaluation of physicochemical properties, IJPPR. 2010; 2:50-55.
45. Khan M.M, dul Haque M.S, Chowdhury M.S. Medicinal use of the unique plant Tinospora cordifolia: evidence from the traditional medicine and recent research. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2016;2: 508-512.
46. Singh K, Panghal M, Kadyan S, Chaudhary U, Yadav J.P. Antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles from Tinospora cordifolia against multi-drug resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. 2014;5:1-6.
47. Birla H., S.N. Rai, S.S. Singh, W. Zahra, A. Rawat, N. Tiwari, R.K. Singh, A. Pathak, Singh S.P. Tinospora cordifolia suppresses neuroinflammation in Parkinsonian mouse model. NeuroMolecular Med. 2019; 21:42-53.
48. Sarma D.N.K, Khosa R.L, Chaurasia J.P.N., Sahai M. Antistress activity of Tinospora cordifolia and Centella asiatica extracts. Phytother Res. 1996; 10:181-184.
49. Baghel P. Plant of versatile properties of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi). IJAIR. 2017; 5:751-753.
50. Sharma N.D, Sharma A. Tinospora cordifolia Enhances Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in Children. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 2015; 4(4):227-230.
51. Kalikar M.V., Thawani VR, Varadpande UK, Sontakke SD, Singh RP, Khiyani RK. Immunomodulatory effect of Tinospora cordifolia extract in human immuno-deficiency virus positive patients. Indian J Pharmacol 2008; 40(3):107-10.
52. Sharma R, Amin H, Prajapati P, Ruknuddin G. Therapeutic Vistas of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia): A medico-historical memoir. J. Res. Educ. Ind. Med. 2014;XX, 113–128.
2. Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Diet and lifestyle guidelines for diabetes: Evidence based ayurvedic perspective. Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases. 2014; 1;21(4):335-46.
3. Sharma R, Kumar V, Ashok BK, Galib R, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Evaluation of hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Guduchi Ghana in Swiss albino mice. Int J Green Pharm. 2013;7:145-8.
4. Sharma R, Kumar V, Ashok BK, Galib R, Prajapati PK, Ravishankar B. Hypoglycemic and anti hyperglycemic activity of Guduchi Satva in experimental animals. AYU. 2014. 4; 217-20.
5. Sharma R, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B, Prajapati PK. The effect of two different dosage forms of Guduchi i.e. Satva and Ghana WSR antihyperglycemic effect on madhumeha (NIDDM) [dissertation], Gujarat Ayurved University, IPGT and RA, Jamnagar. 2012;132-133.
6. Gupta R, et al. Global Research on Tinospora cordifolia (Medicinal Plant) with Special Reference to India: A Scientometric Assessment Publications Output during 2001-2016. Int J Pharmacogn Chinese Med. 2018; 2(4): 000141.
7. Dhama K, Sachan S, Khandia R, Munjal A, Iqbal HMN, Latheef SK, Karthik K, Samad HA, Tiwari R, Dadar M. Medicinal and Beneficial Health Applications of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi): A Miraculous Herb Countering Various Diseases/Disorders and its Immunomodulatory Effects. Recent Pat Endocr Metab Immune Drug Discov. 2017; 10(2):96-111.
doi: 10.2174/18722148116661703011051 01.
8. Aher VD, Wahi AK. Pharmacological Study of Tinospora Cordifolia as an Immunomodulator. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2010; 2(4):52-4.
9. Sharma R, Amin H. Rasayana Therapy: Ayurvedic contribution to improve quality of life. World J. Pharmacol. Res. Tech. 2015;4:23-33.
10. Sharma R, Hazra J, Prajapati PK. Nanophytomedicines: A Novel Approach to Improve Drug Delivery and Pharmacokinetics of Herbal Medicine. Bio Bull. 2017;3(1):132-5.
11. Prajapati R, Sharma R, Prajapati PK. Physico-chemical evaluation of guduchyadi kwatha for instant use: An ayurvedic herbal formulation. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2014: 2599-613.
12. Sharma R, Galib R, Prajapati PK. Antimicrobial evaluation of Svarasa Bhavita Guduchi Churna (levigated powder of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers with its juice). Ayurscientifica 2017;1(1):25-30.
13. Sharma R, Amin H, Galib, Prajapati PK. Validation of standard manufacturing procedure of Guduci sattva (aqueous extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Willd.) Miers) and its tablets. Anc Sci Life 2013;33:27-34.
14. Sharma R, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Herbal and Holistic solutions for Neurodegenerative and Depressive disorders: Leads from Ayurveda. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2018; 27(3): 2597–2608.
15. Sharma R, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Traditional Ayurvedic and herbal remedies for Alzheimer's disease from bench to bedside. Expert Rev. Neurother. 2019; 19: 359–374.
16. Sharma R, Martins N. Telomeres, DNA damage and ageing: potential leads from Ayurvedic Rasayana (anti-ageing) drugs. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8):2544.
17. Sharma R, Galib R, Prajapati PK. Validation of standard manufacturing procedure of Guduchi Ghana [dried aqueous extract of Tinospora Cordifolia (Willd.) Miers] and its tablets. Ayurpharm Int J Ayurveda Allied Sci. 2013;2:224–32.
18. Kapil A., Sharma S. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1997; 58:89-95.
19. Gupta MS, Sharma GD, Chakraborty B. Effect of aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia on functions of peritoneal macrophages isolated from CCl4 intoxicated male albino mice. BMC Complementary & Alternate Medicine. 2011; 119102.
20. Upadhyaya R, PR, Sharma V, Anita KV. Assessment of the multifaceted immune-modulatory potential of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia. Res J Chem Sci.2011;1:71-9.
21. Sudhakaran DS, Srirekha P, Devasree LD, Premsingh S, Michael RD. Immunostimulatory effect of Tinospora cordifolia Miers leaf extract in Oreochromis mossambicus. Indian J Exp Biol. 2006; 44:726-32.
22. More P, Pai K. In vitro NADH-oxidase, NADPH-oxidase and myeloperoxidase activity of macrophages after Tinospora cordifolia (guduchi) treatment. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2012; 34:368-72.
23. Raghu R, Sharma D, Ramakrishnan R, Khanam S, Chintalwar GJ, Sainis KB. Molecular events in the activation of B cells and macrophages by a non-microbial TLR4 agonist, G1-4A from Tinospora cordifolia. Immunol Lett.2009;123:60-71.
24. Sharma U, Bala M, Kumar N, Singh B, Munshi RK, Bhalerao S. Immunomodulatory active compounds from Tinospora cordifolia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012; 141:918-26.
25. Wazir V, Maurya R, Kapil R S. Cordioside, a clerodane furano diterpene glucoside from Tinospora cordifolia. Phytochemistry.1995; 38(2):447-449.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00601-O.
26. Ram J., Kapil, A., Guru, P.Y., 1990. Antileishmanial and immunoadjuvant activities of rationally designed thiopyrim-idines. Indian J. Chem. 29: 1129-1133.
27. Beatty J.D, Beatty, B.G, Vlahos, W.G. Measurement of monoclonal antibody affinity by non-competitive enzyme immunoassay. J. Immunol. Methods 100. 1987: 173-179.
28. Czuprynski CJ, Henson PM, Campbell PA: Killing of Listeria monocytogenes by inflammatory neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes from immune and non immune mice. J Leuk Biol. 1984; 35:193-208.
29. Lehmann AK, Sornes S, Halstensen A. Phagocytosis: measurement by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2000; 243:229-42.
30. Lehmann AK, Sornes S, Halstensen A. Phagocytosis: measurement by flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2000; 243:229-42.
31. Rege N, Bapat RD, Koti R, Desai NK, Dahanukar S.Immunotherapy with Tinospora cordifolia: a new lead in the management of obstructive jaundice. Indian J Gastroenterol.1993;12:5-8.
32. Panchabhai T.S, Kulkarni U.P, Rege N.N. Validation of therapeutic claims of Tinospora cordifolia: a review. Phytotherapy Research. 2008; 22:425-441.
33. Dahanukar S.A., Thatte, U.M., Rege, N.N. Immunostimulants in Ayurveda medicine. In: Wagner, H. (Ed.), Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants. Switzerland: Berkhauser Verlag, Basel. 1999.p. 289-323.
34. Rege N.N., Thatte, U.M., Dahanukar, S.A. Adaptogenic properties of six Rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine. Phytotherapy Research. 1999; 13:275-291.
35. Galloway T S, Depledge M H, Immunotoxicity in invertebrates: measurement and ecotoxicological relevance National Library of Medicine. 2001 Feb; 10(1):5-23.
36. Patwardhan B., Kalbag, D., Patki, P.S., Nagsampagi, B.A. Search of immunomodulatory agents. Indian Drugs. 1990; 28:56-63.
37. Rao S.K., Rao, S.P., Rao, N.B. Preliminary investigation of the radio sensitizing activity of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) in tumor bearing mice. Phototherapy Research.1990; 22:1482-1489.
38. Nayampalli S.S, Desai, N.K, Ainapure, S.S. Antiallergic properties of Tinospora cardifolia in animal models. Indian Journal of Pharmacy. 1986; 18:250.
39. Wadood N, Wadood, A, Shah, S.A. Effect of Tinospora cordifolia on blood glucose and total lipid levels of normal and alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Planta Medica. 1992; 58:31-136.
40. Bhupindu S., Sharma, M.L., Gupta, O.P., Atal, C.K. Antihepatotoxic activity of Tinospora cordifolia Miers. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 1981;1:96.
41. Rege N.N, Dahanukar, S.A. Karandikar, S.M. Hepatoprotective effects of Tinospora cordifolia against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage. Indian Drugs. 1984; 21:544-555.
42. Kumar A., Shrivastav, S. A study of antipyretic effect of Guduchi. Sachitra Ayurved. 1995; 48:289-291.
43. Wagner H, Jurcic K. Assays for immunomodulation and effects on mediators of inflammation. In: Dey, P.M., Harborne, J.B. (Eds.), Methods in Plant Biochemistry. London: Academic Press. 1991.p. 195-217.
44. Meena A.K, Singh A, Panda P, Mishra S, Rao M.M. Tinospora cordifolia: Its bioactivities & evaluation of physicochemical properties, IJPPR. 2010; 2:50-55.
45. Khan M.M, dul Haque M.S, Chowdhury M.S. Medicinal use of the unique plant Tinospora cordifolia: evidence from the traditional medicine and recent research. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2016;2: 508-512.
46. Singh K, Panghal M, Kadyan S, Chaudhary U, Yadav J.P. Antibacterial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles from Tinospora cordifolia against multi-drug resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients. J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. 2014;5:1-6.
47. Birla H., S.N. Rai, S.S. Singh, W. Zahra, A. Rawat, N. Tiwari, R.K. Singh, A. Pathak, Singh S.P. Tinospora cordifolia suppresses neuroinflammation in Parkinsonian mouse model. NeuroMolecular Med. 2019; 21:42-53.
48. Sarma D.N.K, Khosa R.L, Chaurasia J.P.N., Sahai M. Antistress activity of Tinospora cordifolia and Centella asiatica extracts. Phytother Res. 1996; 10:181-184.
49. Baghel P. Plant of versatile properties of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi). IJAIR. 2017; 5:751-753.
50. Sharma N.D, Sharma A. Tinospora cordifolia Enhances Vyadhikshamatwa (immunity) in Children. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 2015; 4(4):227-230.
51. Kalikar M.V., Thawani VR, Varadpande UK, Sontakke SD, Singh RP, Khiyani RK. Immunomodulatory effect of Tinospora cordifolia extract in human immuno-deficiency virus positive patients. Indian J Pharmacol 2008; 40(3):107-10.
52. Sharma R, Amin H, Prajapati P, Ruknuddin G. Therapeutic Vistas of Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia): A medico-historical memoir. J. Res. Educ. Ind. Med. 2014;XX, 113–128.
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Devi, P. “A Review on Tinospora Cordifolia: As an Immunomodulating Agent”. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences, Vol. 6, no. 1, Mar. 2021, pp. 6-14, doi:10.22270/hjhs.v6i1.88.
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